Permanent waving pad



c. J. LEwrr 2,108,590

PERMANENT WAVING PAD' Feb. 15, 1938.

Filed NOV. 19, 1935 CA/911 JLfW/T ATTORNEY.

Patented Feb. `l5, 1938 2,108,590 PERMANENT wAvING PAD Carl J. Lewit, Atlanta, Ga., assignor to Industrial Development and Research Laboratories,

Incorporated, Atlanta, Ga., a corporation of' Georgia I Application November I9, 1935, Serial No. 50,492

9 Claims.

This invention relates to that class of hair waving in which a so called permanent Wave is imparted to a preformed tress of hair by plac ing the hair in close association with a pad in which a heat-liberating chemical reaction is taking place.

This invention comprises a novel form of pad in which any suitable chemical or chemicals may be enclosed. 'I'he invention also consists of a; new method of hair waving by chemical action in which the chemical heat is liberated as a result of a so called displacement reaction in which moisture is used solely as a catalytic agent. In this type of chemical reaction heat is liberated whenever the chemical reaction is started 'by bringing the active chemicals into close association with a catalytic agent which will in most cases be a liquid such as water.

`I am well aware that the use of a chemica reaction to liberate heat for the purpose of waving hair is not in its broadest sense new to the art and I am alsoaware that certain forms of chemical pads for waving hair have been proposed and are now in use.

When the chemical reaction now in use in this type of hair waving is considered, dilcultles of a more formidable nature appear. The reaction now used consists of applying water or other liquid to an exothermic chemical which combines directly with the liquid reagent and libcrates heat during the period of the reaction. In such a chemical reaction great difficulty is experienced in controlling the amount of heat, the

reaction time, the degree of heat,.and other important factors. In the pads now in use starch, sugar, sand, salt, or other inert and/or active substances such as ammonium sulphate are combined with the exothermic material in an effort to control the reaction Within safe limits.`

It will be seen that since the liquid with which the pad is wetted is one of the active substances which goes into combination in order to get'absolutely uniform vresults an exact amount of liquid must be used in every case. It isobvious that with the pads now in use such a condition is impossible. In addition to the defects enumerated above, all the chemicals heretofore in use have been to some degree poisonous and/or harmful to the hair due to their caustic nature.

In the present invention a novel form of unitary pad is disclosed which does not have to be assembled by the operator and which can be wetted when ready for use without causing the operator to put her` hands in the wetting solution.

(ci. 13mm) The chemical reaction disclosed in this invention is of such a. nature that the amount and degree of heat liberated is not dependent on the exact amount of liquid present but is the same whether the pad has been only dampened or has been thoroughly wetted. In fact the degree of heat to be liberated from a given pad 'is determined when the chemicals are mixed at the factory and is not affected materially by mishani dling on the part of the operator. The advantage in a unitary form of pad which is manufactured ready for use and does not have to be assembled by the beauty operator while in a wetted condition will 'be obvious from the preceding discussion.

The use of a chemical reaction of the displacement type in which the beauty operator is required only to place the chemicals in contact with a catalytic agent and is not required to apply an exact amount' of liquid, will also be obvious and needs no further discussion.

No claim is made in this invention for the broad idea of generating heat by the use of exothermic chemicals and applying the pad containing such heat to a tress of hair.. It isobvious that such a `form of claim could not be supported in view` of the use of chemical bedheating pads and similar devices in which Water is added to a heating chemical thus causing a liberation of heat when the "water combines with the chemical. Claims are made, however, for the means of ywaving hair comprising the placing of I. Magnesium metal Copper acetate or any copper salt Copper oxide.

In this formula the best proportions are magnesium (l0-40) parts, copper acetate (5o-500) parts, copper oxide (G-2000) parts. Other proportions than these can be used, however, l

and good results obtained. yWhen the chemicals just referred to are placed in contact with a catalytic agent such as Water a. part of the magnesium metal reacts with copper acetate liberating copper and giving oi heat, this heat is sufl lcient to start a. secondary reaction in which the uncombined portions of the magnesium metal react with the copper (preferably cuprous) oidde to liberate a still larger amount of heat thusforming a so called permanent wave to the hair which is in contact with the pad containing the chemicals. It will be noted that no harmful substances are liberated in this reaction and that the use of a secondary reaction prolongs and controls the heating process and thus improves the character of the wave.

Another chemical formula which can be used is II. Magnesium metal (l0-40) parts Copper acetate (5G-500) parts Magnesium oxide (300-1000) parts This formula is not a two step reaction. The magnesium oxide is used simply to supply bulk and reduce the maximum temperature obtained. With the exception just noted this reaction is the same as I.

If desired the following formula may be used.

III. Magnesium metal (l0-40) parts.

Copper acetate (5D-500) parts Aluminum (l0-40) parts Magnesium oxide (20G-1200) parts 'I'his is a two step reaction in which first magnesium reacts with copper acetate and then the aluminum reacts with copper'acetate, both parts of the reaction liberating heat. The magnesium oxide performs the sole function l as in Formula II.

Referring now to the drawing in which like characters of reference indicate like parts throughout the several views.

Fig. 1 represents an inside plan view of the preferred embodiment of the pad in its unwrapped condition. In this view the envelope is shown broken away, the inner absorbent pad folded back, and the chemicals which are placed on this absorbent pad are shown broken away.

Fig. 2 represents a modified form of the invention in which the outer absorbent pad is folded back. In this case the pad is shown detached from its outer wrapper which is of the same form as that disclosed in Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a sectional view of the preferred form of the pad with the outer wrapper omitted. This section is taken along the line 3 3, Fig. 1.

Fig. 4 represents a further modified form of the pad in which an unperforated envelope is used. In this case the'outer envelope is broken away, the absorbent pad is folded back, and a portion of the chemicals is removed. i

Fig. 5 represents a longitudinal central section through the wrapped pad in place on a preformed tress of hair.

Fig. 6 is a perspective view of the method by which the pad is wetted without wetting the hands of the operator.

'Ihe outer wrapper of the hair waving pad is denoted by I and is preferably made of nonabsorbent material, as for instance paper. Attached to the outer wrapper I by means of a clip or similar object 2 is an envelope 3 of impervious non-soluble material which is supplied with a plurality of holes l on its face 5. v

Inside the envelope 3 and placed next to the perforated side of the envelope is a pad 6 of absorbent material such as cotton. Next td the pad 6 is placed the chemical or chemicals 'I which when placed in c ntact with a catalytic agent will generate suili ent heat to impart a s'o-called permanent wave to a preformed tress of hair when enclosed in the pad. The outer face of the envelope ,3 is referred to by the numeral 8.

In the modified form of the pad shown in Fig. 2 the wrapper 1 is not shown although in this form of the pad it is normally used in the same manner as in the form of the pad illustrated in Fig. 1. In this pad no envelope is used but a sheet of non-soluble impervious material 9 such as paper or tinfoil is sewed, glued, or otherwise fastened to a sheet of absorbent material I0. The location of the seam, glue, or the like means for fastening the absorbent material to the back of the pad is referred to by the numeral I I. The chemical means used in this form of the pad are the same as those used in the preferred form of the pad andare referred to by the numeral 1.

The form of-the pad, shown in Fig. 4 is the same as that shown in Fig. 1 except the wrapper I has been omitted and neither face 5 -of the pad is initially perforated. The numerals used in this figure are therefore the same as those used in Fig. 1.

In practise, the tress of hair I2 is wound as usual on a mandrel I3 in case a spiral form of wave is desired. In case a croquignole wave is desired a different form of mandrel (not shown) is used. When this form of wave is desired it is usually desirable to remove the outer wrapper I from the pad before applying the pad to the hair. With either form of wave the hair may be wetted with a suitable waving solution such as for instance an ammonium solution, either before or after it is wound on the mandrel. The pad is then wrapped around the preformed tress and is preferably secured in position at the scalp yend of the tress by a suitable scalp protecting guard of well known or approved form such as the self-locking guard I 4 shown in the accompanying drawing. The outer end of the pad may be secured around the mandrel I3 as for instance by twisting the outer wrapper of the pad around the same. It will be noted that the pad may be filled with the conventional heating chemicals now used in the art. It is preferable, however, to use the displacement form of reaction of the type disclosed and claimed in this application. Irrespective of which form of chemicals is used, heat is liberated as soon as the pad is wetted with the proper reagent. If heating chemicals are used, an exact amount of liquid must be used to wet the pad in order to get uniform results. If the displacement form of reaction is used no such care need be exercised.

'I'he best method of wetting the pad is illustrated in Fig. 6 in which gure the wrapper I is shown folded back so that the pad may be lowered in the liquid reagent without getting any liquid on the wrapper I or the operators hand I5. After the pad is wetted in this manner, the liquid reagent will at once soak through the perforations 4 in the envelope 3, if the preferred form oi.' pad is used, and wet the absorbent pad 6, this pad will in turn wet the chemicals 1 and start the heatuliberating reaction. If the form of pad shown in Fig. 2 is used the absorbent will be nwet very thoroughly immediately upon insertion in the liquid reagent I6 since in this form of pad the absorbent material is exposed directly to the liquid. If the form of the pad shown in Fig. 4 is used the back face 5 of the envelope must be punctured, preferably before the pad is dipped in the' liquid reagent.

It will be obvious, whatever form of pad is used, that either the liquid reagent or the chemical or chemicals in the pad may be treated to produce the results heretofore set forth. After the pad has been dipped in the liquid reagent a regular heat isl then set up within the pad in order to impart a so,called permanent wave to the preformed tress without requiring the application of heat from an outside source. It will be seen that when the spiral form of wave is made y (in which case th'ewrapper lis not removed from the pad) the outside wrapper of the pad serves to confine the heat to a large extent withinY the padthe steam generated by the combinationv of I the treating solution with the chemical being per, an envelope formed withperforations` in one side attacl'ied,toisaidouter,v wrapper, an absorbent pad enclosedin'jsaid envelope andadja'cent to theperforatd side thereof,' and` chemical means which when moistened will liberate suicient heat l to impart a so called permanent wave to the tress ofhair, said' chemical meansb'eing conned in`- the envelope aforementioned between the absorbent pad and the lope. 2. A waving pad for enclosing av preformed tress of hair, said pad comprising an envelope formed with perforations in one side, an absorbent pad enclosed in saidy envelope and adjacent tol the perforated side there/of, and chemical means which when moistened will liberate lsufricient heat to impart a so calledpermanent wave to the tress of hair, ysaid .chemical means being conilned in the envelope aforementioned between the absorbent pad and the unperforated side of said envelope thus forming a complete hair wav'- ing pad requiring only theapplication of moisture to be ready for use.

3. A waving pad for enclosing a preformed tress of hair, said pad comprising an envelope of impervious, non-soluble material, an absorbent material enclosed in said envelope, chemical l means, which when moistened will liberate sutil'- cient heat to impart a so `called permanent wave to the tress of hair, enclosed in saidenvelope, VWherebya waving pad of unitary construction is `.formed which need only be y punctured and moisv 4. A waving pad for enclosing a preformed tress of hair, said pad comprising a back face of impervious, nonsoluble material and a layer of porous, absorbent material, and chemical means which when'moistened will liberate suicient heat to vimparta so called permanent-wave tothe unperforated side vof said envetress of hair, enclosed in said pad between said back face and said layer and in contact with the latter whereby a waving pad of unitary construction is formed which requires lonly the application of a liquid to be ready for use.

5. A hair waving pad comprising an outer Wrapper, an envelope having one face perforated attachedthereto, an absorbent material enclosed in'said envelope and adjacentl to the perforated face thereof, and exothermicvmaterial enclosed in said envelope between the absorbent material and the unperforated face of the envelope, whereby a waving pad of unitary construction is formed which requires onlythe application of a liquid to be ready for use.

, 6. A hair vwaving pad comprising an envelope of impervious non-soluble material having one face perforated,an absorbent material enclosed in said envelope and adjacent to the perforated face thereof, and exothermic material enclosed insaid envelope between the absorbent material andthe unperforated face of the envelope whereby a Waving p ad of unitary construction is formed which requires only the applicatonof a liquid to be ready for use.

V'7. A hair waving pad comprising a layer of impervious, non-soluble material, a layer of porous,

absorbentmaterial, chemical means disposed between said porous and non-porous materials, and means for holding said layers together and conning the Achemical means therebetween, thus forming a unitary pad which requires only the application of a, liquid to be ready for use.

8. A hair waving pad comprising invcombination an outer wrapper, an envelope, clip means for attaching the envelope -to the outer wrapper, absorbent means inserted in the envelope, and

chemical means which in the presence of a liquid will freactand liberate heat, enclosed in the envelope.

wrapper at a pointwithin the margins'thereof` whereby said envelope pendant from a loop of said wrapper may be immersed in a bath of wetting duid without wetting the hand 'of the operator.

,CARL J. LEWIT.v 

